There are six components on OS X 10.10, eight on Windows 7, nine on Windows 8.1 and two on Chrome OS 49. The screen shot above, taken on Windows 10, indicates there are nine, only the first five are shown. The number of Chrome components varies by operating system. The interface is a URL, chrome://components The tip that I received (thanks Michael) was that there is, in fact, an interface to it, and, that the Component Updater can be used to update Flash. The downside, for me at least, has been that there was no interface to the Chrome Component Updater.

The article says that the 'Chrome Component Updater allows the Chrome engineering team to release small updates to parts of Chrome on a very rapid schedule.' Compared to the full browser update, the article notes that the Component Updater uses a small amount of bandwidth and only runs when the browser itself is running.

Google mentions this in an article targeted at IT administrators called Manage Chrome updates on Windows. It makes a good first impression.

Update flash for chrome windows 10